Zeszyt Naukowy Numer 51
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Roxana-Maria Barb
Abstract: In these times of uncertainty in the business environment, organizations need to direct their efforts towards innovation strategies and adopt a business model based on dig-italization. All the technological advancements push companies to use digitalization in their business management, to set up instruments so they can communicate with their clients to improve products and services. Through the Digital Open Innovation Business Model, organizations can have an enormous and important impact on the market, and they can improve and revolutionize the manner they operate their businesses. A relevant aspect of operating a Digital Open Innovation Business Model is to obtain a competitive advantage over competitors by developing new products and services or improving the current ones. By taking Amazon and Tesla as a case studies, the aim of the article is to focus on the importance of implementing the Digital Open Innovation Business Model as a means for the company to be profitable and provide added value for their clients.
Keywords: digital business model, digitalization, open innovation, open innovation strategies
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.01
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Marcela Rebeca Contreras Loera, Beatriz Perez Sanchez, Diana Guadalupe Flores Echeagaray
SERVICE QUALITY AND WORKER TRAINING IN 5-STAR HOTEL
Abstract: The quality system of a hotel is based on policies, standards and protocols, which must be put into practice and defined to exert constant improvement in the quality of the services offered in each of its departments; On the other hand, training involves providing all hotel staff with techniques to improve the quality of services and in the same way pro-vide human and economic growth to the company. The research aim is to analyze service quality and its relationship to worker training in a five-star HRHLC hotel; the case study of a hotel located in the tourist destination of Cabo San Lucas, B.C.S. in Mexico was used since it is an appropriate research design when one wishes to obtain concrete, contextual knowledge on a specific topic and allows one to explore the characteristics, key meanings and implications of the case. Information was collected through structured interviews and analysis of company reports. The results indicate that the hotel received an average rating of 8.8 regarding the perception of quality in service and customer attention, reflecting the fact that the hotel has an area of opportunity for improvement as being in a five-star cate-gory, the rating of quality service must be a minimum of 9.5. Regarding training, 100% of the staff received training on the use of the system, quality of service and safety and hygiene; 80% have been in the company for less than 6 months, reflecting the high staff turnover. In conclusion the five-star hotel and four-diamond chain needs to address areas of opportunity to improve the guests’ perception of quality and obtain the 9.5 rating that this category of hotel requires, as well as improve working conditions to increase staff retainment.
Keywords: management, service quality, training
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.02
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Marcela Rebeca Contreras Loera
THE ENTREPRENEUR WOMAN: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Abstract: In recent years, female entrepreneurship has increased considerably on a global and national scale, and Sinaloa is no exception. The contribution of women entrepreneurs to local economic development is recognized, however, information on female entrepre-neurship is scarce. The aim of this article is to identify the characteristics of women entre-preneurs and their participation in the local economy in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. An exploratory descriptive analysis of female entrepreneurship in Sinaloa was carried out. This research was conducted through secondary sources in order to investigate the characteristics from a qualitative approach. The main findings show that the female entrepreneur has ca-pabilities that influence their entrepreneurship: work experience, they generally undertake entrepreneurship for socioeconomic needs (support for family income, improve standard of living), self-employment, new opportunities or increased income; family or friends are the main source of financing. In conclusion, the growth of female entrepreneurship is a natural evolution in the role of women in the labor force of our society. However, the main moti-vation that prevails is the need to obtain sources of income; likewise, women are able to perceive opportunities to be undertaken, although they are influenced by the fear of failure.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, female work, women
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.03
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Tetiana Demkovych, Liubov Semiv
PECULIARITIES OF SHADOW ECONOMY IN CRISIS CONDITIONS IN UKRAINE
Abstract: The article contains an analysis of the shadow economy at the time of quarantine restrictions and of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine using statistical, analytical and functional methods of scientific research. The aim of the study is to generalize the theoret-ical and methodological aspects of the shadow economy, to study the current state of shadow economy escalation in the conditions of quarantine restrictions and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and to systematize possible ways of legalizing the economy. Such a socio-economic process as the shadow economy, represents a number of shifts in the state budget structure, in particular regarding the indicator of tax revenues. In the con-ditions of crisis, the shadow economy can become both a driving force for balancing the economy and a threat, not only economic, but also a social one. In this article, this issue will be considered in more detail. Therefore, the dynamics of changes in the shadow econ-omy has been considered both according to certain methods of assessing its level to the official GDP volume, and also by various economic sectors during the quarantine re-strictions according to the data of the Ministry of the Economy of Ukraine. A diagram of the shadow economy factors was also developed and possible effective changes were pro-posed to overcome them, from which it is clear that the shadow economy needs not only a perfect assessment and specific data for its analysis, but also improvement of the manage-ment system, quality of public services and the readiness of people to come out of the “shadow”.
Keywords: salary, shadow economy, shadow employment, shadowing, taxes
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.04
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Martina Jakubčinová, Katarína Štefčíková, Andrej Poruban
THE CONCEPT OF A SMART CITY MANAGEMENT IN THE LIGHT OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW
Abstract: The vision of a Smart City is to connect smart models, smart IT, and smart man-agement practices that qualitatively help municipalities advance service delivery in the areas of infrastructure, environment, education, health, and more. Modifying the manage-ment skills of local government leaders is a natural response to Smart City policy. Methods used in this paper that helped to achieve the objectives were a review of the current state of knowledge of the issue, search of relevant literature and case studies, summarisation of results, induction, deduction, and others. The studies included the following research ques-tions: 1. What is the general scope of research on Smart City and Eco-Smart City? 2. What are the key challenges for Smart City managers? 3. What is the current state of Smart City development? The Web of Science and Scopus databases were chosen to identify relevant literature. The research focuses on articles published in English (from 2019 to 2023). The aim of the review is to provide a current picture of research in smart cities and to identify gaps and areas for future research. The analysis brought two challenges to the research: research is often fragmented and technology-driven, and many studies are on the perceived benefits of smart city projects.
Keywords: innovation, management, Smart City
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.05
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Eva Koišová, Jana Masárová
ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ON ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES
Abstract: The Visegrad Group countries are often cited as an example of a successful tran-sition from a centrally planned economy to a market-based one. Education is crucial in enhancing the quality of human capital, which directly impacts a country's economy. The paper addresses the impact of educational attainment on the gross domestic product in the Visegrad Group countries. To assess the educational attainment of economically active per-sons, the Educational Attainment Index was calculated. The period analysed is the time from 2005 to 2020. Changes in the share of economically active persons with tertiary edu-cation were examined, with the best values achieved in Poland compared to other countries. Poland outperformed the remaining Visegrad Group countries in terms of the Educational Attainment Index, but Slovakia and the Czech Republic also managed to perform above the EU average. In terms of gross domestic product per capita, the Visegrad Group countries showed values below the EU average throughout the studied period. The analysis found that Poland had the highest Pearson correlation coefficient between the education index and gross domestic product per capita among the four countries and the EU average.
Keywords: economic performance, education, gross domestic product, human resource, Visegrad Group countries
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.06
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Wiktor Kot
JAKOŚĆ USŁUG IT W BRANŻY E-COMMERCE
Streszczenie: Coraz szybszy rozwój technologiczny sprawia, że zaciera się granica między światem rzeczywistym a wirtualnym. Ludzie coraz częściej korzystają z sieci Internet, prze-glądając zawartość serwisów społecznościowych (np. Facebook) czy platform oferujących treści wideo (np. YouTube) oraz szukając informacji o interesującej użytkownika tematyce na blogach czy forach internetowych. Aby uzyskać dostęp do tych wszystkich treści, należy mieć możliwość podłączenia do sieci Internet. Upowszechnienie dostępu do Internetu, coraz niższy koszt jego użytkowania oraz coraz szybsze łącza sprawiły, że biznes zaczął przenosić się częściowo lub całkowicie do wirtualnego świata, gdzie nie ma fizycznych granic w dostę-pie do nowych klientów i nowych rynków zbytu. W artykule omówiony jest temat jakości usług w branży e-commerce, która zajmuje się handlem dobrami i usługami w sieci Internet. Artykuł składa się z części teoretycznej, w której na podstawie kwerendy literatury poruszone są kwestie związane z genezą jakości, interpretacją jakości usług oraz opisem wybranych me-tod badania jakości usług. W tekście opisany jest rozwój i jakość usług cyfrowych na przy-kładzie czołowych przedsiębiorstw technologicznych. Druga część opracowania prezentuje wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród pracowników branży IT, które dotyczyły rozumienia jakości usług, czynników na nią wpływających, reakcji na niezadowolenie klientów oraz oceny jakości usług świadczonych przez przedsiębiorstwa zatrudniające respondentów.
Słowa kluczowe: branża IT, e-commerce, jakość usług, usługi cyfrowe
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.07
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Faran Latif, Tomasz Nitkiewicz
Abstract: Innovation plays a critical role in ensuring sustainable economic development. It is a fundamental element in the success of companies, corporations, and industries, but the process of innovation is an expensive endeavor that requires significant financial re-sources. The objective is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different financing tools, including government grants, bank loans, self-financing, crowd-funding, seed financ-ing, and venture capital by analyzing case studies and results of research surveys. The first part of this research will explore the concept, types, and classification of innovation. The empirical part is based on a discussion of survey results obtained from 59 SMEs, including the factors that influence SMEs' decisions to seek financing for innovation. The research method used in this study is qualitative research in terms of applied and descriptive approaches; various resources were used including library materials, research papers, sur-vey data, and questionnaires with entrepreneurs and business owners. The objective was to analyze obstacles and opportunities as well as the most suitable financing method required by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to support their innovation. The results show that the choice of the financing method depends on several factors, including the type and stage of innovation, the scope of the company, the particular industry, and the risk involved for both the innovator and the investor.
Keywords: financing methods, innovation support, Poland, seed financing, SMEs
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.08
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María Elvira López Parra, Elba Myriam Navarro Arvizu, María del Carmen Vásquez Torres
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between personal, business, management, and social skills and the entrepreneurship program of students from an educational institution with an entrepreneurial profile in the creation of micro and small companies. The type of research was quantitative, correlational, and non-experimental. The subjects were 320 students from the field of economic and administrative sciences. The instrument was validated by four professors from the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecate-pec, and the Technological Institute of Sonora and had two sections. In the first, there were 17 general information questions, and the second contained 45 questions on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Regarding the results, it was demonstrated that personal, business, management, and social skills as well as skills developed in educational programs are sig-nificant and have a positive relationship with the entrepreneurial profile for the creation of micro and small businesses. The study provides the basis for other studies that seek to assess the skills of entrepreneurs and the creation of micro and small businesses.
Keywords: business competence, entrepreneurship education program, management com-petence, personal competence, social competence
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.09
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Rosa Elia Martínez Torres, Patricia Rivera Acosta, Juana María Huerta González, Hugo Saavedra Hernández, Emiliano Osiel Tello Celestino, Juan Antonio Alvarado Cano
DATABASE TO IMPLEMENT SMM IN THE MINING SECTOR IN MEXICO
Abstract: An applied research project is presented, expressed in the design and creation of a database for the company Minera Tierra Adentro (MTA), which belongs to the mining-metallurgical sector of Mexico. This database is designed to implement a Sustainable Man-agement Model (SMM) in the operating units of the sector. The SMM provides an oppor-tunity to observe, measure, and evaluate four Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 16 legislative parameters. Divided into two modules, the database is based, in the first instance covering the territorial sector in Mexico, on an algorithm that represents a qualita-tive selection technique: pairwise comparison, which allows prioritizing more than 3000 active units, so that MTA offers the implementation of the model. As a second module, the database shows the record of quantifiable elements of the SDGs and legislative parameters collected, This allows, through calculation algorithms, to interpret and express the obtained information in different formats, since by means of an export of data to Excel, the unit staff can use, interpret, include the information in registers, assessments or official documents, such as the Environmental Impact Statement (EIM) requested by government agencies. Therefore, this document presents the interfaces created for the two modules that comple-ment the database in which MTA will manage the implementation of the SMM.
Keywords: mining sector, sustainability, technological innovation
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.10
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Marian Oliński
Streszczenie: Organizacje non profit często opierają swoją działalność na indywidualnych darczyńcach. W zależności od kraju i panujących tam uwarunkowań społeczno-ekonomicz-nych powinny one oferować rozmaite sposoby przekazywania środków. Należy zatem za-łożyć, iż w różnych krajach mogą być dostępne inne mechanizmy przekazywania środków. Celem badań prezentowanych w niniejszym artykule jest identyfikacja narzędzi pozyski-wania środków finansowych, oferowanych przez badane organizacje non profit za pośred-nictwem stron WWW. W ramach badania analizie poddano strony internetowe 100 naj-większych pod względem przychodów polskich i amerykańskich organizacji non profit. W przypadku USA były to organizacje klasyfikowane jako 501(c)(3), natomiast w przy-padku Polski – organizacje pożytku publicznego (OPP). W wyniku przeprowadzonych ba-dań stwierdzono, iż amerykańskie organizacje stwarzają potencjalnym darczyńcom więcej możliwości przekazania środków finansowych. Ponadto badania wykazały, iż udostępniane przez non profit sposoby transferu środków pieniężnych w ramach darowizn na rzecz kon-kretnych organizacji różnią się w zależności od kraju.
Słowa kluczowe: donacja, filantropia, organizacja non profit
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.11
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Beatriz Pérez Sánchez, Marcela Rebeca Contreras Loera, Erika Lourdes Gonzalez Rosas
GROWTH STRATEGIES OF ECONOMIC GROUP: CONSERVAS LA COSTEÑA
Abstract: In Mexico, in the food and beverage sector, the participation of various economic groups or large companies does not escape an oligopolistic reality. The present work presents the case of an economic group or large company Conservas la Costeña, which was founded 100 years ago. The aim of the study was to analyze the growth strategies used by the La Costeña Group to consolidate itself in the food and beverage industry. The methodology was descriptive, historical and analytical; The information was collected from secondary sources by consulting both the database of the “Mundo Ejecutivo” and “Expansión” magazines and the company's website. The results indicate that the strategies used for business growth were self-financing, geographic expansion, diversification of products and brands, acquisitions, al-liances and technological innovations in plants and distribution centers that have led the eco-nomic group in the area of canned goods and preserves to position itself successfully in the national market and participate in the international market in the era of globalization.
Keywords: business growth, economic groups, strategies
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.12
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Ewa Raczyńska
PODEJŚCIE PROCESOWE I DOJRZAŁOŚĆ PROCESOWA W PODMIOTACH LECZNICZYCH W KONTEKŚCIE SIECI SZPITALI
Streszczenie: Zarządzanie procesowe jest wyzwaniem w jednostkach ochrony zdrowia, choć procesy nie są obce podmiotom leczniczym. Proces co do zasady jest dobrze udoku-mentowany dzięki prowadzeniu dokumentacji medycznej, jednak istnieje duża zmienność w jego realizacji ze względu na stan pacjenta. Co więcej, mimo powodzenia procesu, jego wynik może być odmienny od założonego. Mimo wystandaryzowanych ram udzielania świadczeń profesjonalista medyczny posiada dużą autonomię w zakresie postępowania z pacjentem, co powoduje trudności w mapowaniu procesów. Oprócz trudności wewnątrz podmiotu leczniczego również jego otoczenie wpływa na specyfikę zarządzania. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań dotyczących dojrzałości procesowej w pol-skich szpitalach w kontekście przynależności do poziomu referencyjności (sieć szpitali), posiadanych certyfikatów jakości (ISO oraz akredytacja) i osiągania zysku lub straty.
Słowa kluczowe: dojrzałość procesowa, jakość, ochrona zdrowia, procesy
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.13
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Lucila Jazmin Virgen Ceceña, Edith Candelaria Mancillas Chávez, Marcela Rebeca Contreras Loera
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS – ALTERNATIVE FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Abstract: In processing companies, one of the problems they face is the final use of the waste generated by raw materials. For this reason, finding processing options for its use which at the same time generate income is an alternative for the management of new businesses. In Mexico, 33% of entrepreneurs seek to solve problems in the market or society, diversifying their source of income and expanding their creativity. The objective of this research is to develop new products from the industrial waste of shrimp and mango peels. The collection of information focused on the review of literature reports and reports from sources such as the Agro-Food and Fisheries Information Service (SIAP), the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the Council for Economic Development of Sinaloa (CODESIN), the Ministry of Economy, among others; contemplating the development of new products and entrepreneurship as an object of study. According to the diagnosis made by CODESIN, the areas with the greatest opportunity in the short term (1 to 3 years) to develop new products or, therefore, businesses in the bioeconomy area are processed foods, biofertilizers, and nutraceuticals. In conclusion, the development of a new product, such as shrimp and mango sauce, is an option for engineering and design, representing an area of opportunity for the operation of new businesses.
Keywords: business management, entrepreneurship, new products
DOI: 10.17512/znpcz.2023.3.14
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